The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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The security of artificial intelligence (AI) is an important research area towards safe, reliable, and trustworthy AI systems. To accelerate the research on AI security, the Artificial Intelligence Security Competition (AISC) was organized by the Zhongguancun Laboratory, China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, and RealAI as part of the Zhongguancun International Frontier Technology Innovation Competition (https://www.zgc-aisc.com/en). The competition consists of three tracks, including Deepfake Security Competition, Autonomous Driving Security Competition, and Face Recognition Security Competition. This report will introduce the competition rules of these three tracks and the solutions of top-ranking teams in each track.
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大多数图形神经网络(GNN)通过学习输入图和标签之间的相关性来预测看不见的图的标签。但是,通过对具有严重偏见的训练图进行图形分类调查,我们发现GNN始终倾向于探索伪造的相关性以做出决定,即使因果关系始终存在。这意味着在此类偏见的数据集中接受培训的现有GNN将遭受概括能力差。通过在因果观点中分析此问题,我们发现从偏见图中解开和去偏置因果和偏见的潜在变量对于偏见至关重要。在此鼓舞下,我们提出了一个普遍的分解GNN框架,分别学习因果子结构和偏见子结构。特别是,我们设计了一个参数化的边蒙版生成器,以将输入图明确分为因果和偏置子图。然后,分别由因果/偏见感知损失函数监督的两个GNN模块进行培训,以编码因果关系和偏置子图表中的相应表示。通过分离的表示,我们合成了反事实无偏的训练样本,以进一步脱离因果变量和偏见变量。此外,为了更好地基于严重的偏见问题,我们构建了三个新的图形数据集,这些数据集具有可控的偏置度,并且更容易可视化和解释。实验结果很好地表明,我们的方法比现有基线实现了优越的概括性能。此外,由于学习的边缘面膜,该拟议的模型具有吸引人的解释性和可转让性。代码和数据可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/googlebaba/disc。
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最近,后门攻击已成为对深神经网络(DNN)模型安全性的新兴威胁。迄今为止,大多数现有研究都集中于对未压缩模型的后门攻击。尽管在实际应用中广泛使用的压缩DNN的脆弱性尚未得到利用。在本文中,我们建议研究和发展针对紧凑型DNN模型(RIBAC)的强大和不可感知的后门攻击。通过对重要设计旋钮进行系统分析和探索,我们提出了一个框架,该框架可以有效地学习适当的触发模式,模型参数和修剪口罩。从而同时达到高触发隐形性,高攻击成功率和高模型效率。跨不同数据集的广泛评估,包括针对最先进的防御机制的测试,证明了RIBAC的高鲁棒性,隐身性和模型效率。代码可从https://github.com/huyvnphan/eccv2022-ribac获得
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从医用试剂染色图像中分割牙齿斑块为诊断和确定随访治疗计划提供了宝贵的信息。但是,准确的牙菌斑分割是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要识别牙齿和牙齿斑块受到语义腔区域的影响(即,在牙齿和牙齿斑块之间的边界区域中存在困惑的边界)以及实例形状的复杂变化,这些变化均未完全解决。现有方法。因此,我们提出了一个语义分解网络(SDNET),该网络介绍了两个单任务分支,以分别解决牙齿和牙齿斑块的分割,并设计了其他约束,以学习每个分支的特定类别特征,从而促进语义分解并改善该类别的特征牙齿分割的性能。具体而言,SDNET以分裂方式学习了两个单独的分割分支和牙齿的牙齿,以解除它们之间的纠缠关系。指定类别的每个分支都倾向于产生准确的分割。为了帮助这两个分支更好地关注特定类别的特征,进一步提出了两个约束模块:1)通过最大化不同类别表示之间的距离来学习判别特征表示,以了解判别特征表示形式,以减少减少负面影响关于特征提取的语义腔区域; 2)结构约束模块(SCM)通过监督边界感知的几何约束提供完整的结构信息,以提供各种形状的牙菌斑。此外,我们构建了一个大规模的开源染色牙菌斑分割数据集(SDPSEG),该数据集为牙齿和牙齿提供高质量的注释。 SDPSEG数据集的实验结果显示SDNET达到了最新的性能。
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场景图生成(SGG)任务旨在在给定图像中检测所有对象及其成对的视觉关系。尽管SGG在过去几年中取得了显着的进展,但几乎所有现有的SGG模型都遵循相同的训练范式:他们将SGG中的对象和谓词分类视为单标签分类问题,而地面真实性是一个hot目标。标签。但是,这种普遍的训练范式忽略了当前SGG数据集的两个特征:1)对于正样本,某些特定的主题对象实例可能具有多个合理的谓词。 2)对于负样本,有许多缺失的注释。不管这两个特征如何,SGG模型都很容易被混淆并做出错误的预测。为此,我们为无偏SGG提出了一种新颖的模型不合命相的标签语义知识蒸馏(LS-KD)。具体而言,LS-KD通过将预测的标签语义分布(LSD)与其原始的单热目标标签融合来动态生成每个主题对象实例的软标签。 LSD反映了此实例和多个谓词类别之间的相关性。同时,我们提出了两种不同的策略来预测LSD:迭代自我KD和同步自我KD。大量的消融和对三项SGG任务的结果证明了我们所提出的LS-KD的优势和普遍性,这些LS-KD可以始终如一地实现不同谓词类别之间的不错的权衡绩效。
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多年来,使用单点监督的对象检测受到了越来越多的关注。在本文中,我们将如此巨大的性能差距归因于产生高质量的提案袋的失败,这对于多个实例学习至关重要(MIL)。为了解决这个问题,我们引入了现成建议方法(OTSP)方法的轻量级替代方案,从而创建点对点网络(P2BNET),该网络可以通过在中生成建议袋来构建一个互平衡的提案袋一种锚点。通过充分研究准确的位置信息,P2BNET进一步构建了一个实例级袋,避免了多个物体的混合物。最后,以级联方式进行的粗到精细政策用于改善提案和地面真相(GT)之间的IOU。从这些策略中受益,P2BNET能够生产出高质量的实例级袋以进行对象检测。相对于MS可可数据集中的先前最佳PSOD方法,P2BNET将平均平均精度(AP)提高了50%以上。它还证明了弥合监督和边界盒监督检测器之间的性能差距的巨大潜力。该代码将在github.com/ucas-vg/p2bnet上发布。
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在过去的几十年中,车辆的升级和更新加速了。出于对环境友好和情报的需求,电动汽车(EV)以及连接和自动化的车辆(CAVS)已成为运输系统的新组成部分。本文开发了一个增强学习框架,以在信号交叉点上对由骑士和人类驱动车辆(HDV)组成的电力排实施自适应控制。首先,提出了马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)模型来描述混合排的决策过程。新颖的状态表示和奖励功能是为模型设计的,以考虑整个排的行为。其次,为了处理延迟的奖励,提出了增强的随机搜索(ARS)算法。代理商所学到的控制政策可以指导骑士的纵向运动,后者是排的领导者。最后,在模拟套件相扑中进行了一系列模拟。与几种最先进的(SOTA)强化学习方法相比,提出的方法可以获得更高的奖励。同时,仿真结果证明了延迟奖励的有效性,延迟奖励的有效性均优于分布式奖励机制}与正常的汽车跟随行为相比,灵敏度分析表明,可以将能量保存到不同的扩展(39.27%-82.51%))通过调整优化目标的相对重要性。在没有牺牲行进延迟的前提下,建议的控制方法可以节省多达53.64%的电能。
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在临床研究和临床决策中,重要的是要知道学习是否发生或仅支持目前的特定疾病管理的护理标准。我们将这种变化定义为变换性和作为增量研究的支持。它通常需要大量的人类专业知识和时间来完成这些任务。教师意见为我们提供了一个关于研究挑战或仅确认建立研究的良好注释的语料库。在本研究中,提出了一种机器学习方法,以区分从增量临床证据的变化。摘要和2年窗口的文本被收集了培训临床研究的培训,由教师观察专家标记。我们通过随机林为分类器,达到0.755(0.705-0.875)的平均AUC的最佳性能,并引用句子作为该功能。结果表明,与抽象句不同,转型研究具有引用句子的典型语言模式。我们提供了一个有效的工具,用于识别这些临床证据挑战或仅确认临床医生和研究人员的索赔。
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